The nervous system is an intricate network of nerves, the brain, and the spinal cord that serves as the body’s central command center. When something goes wrong, the symptoms can be confusing and concerning. At Neurocare of Nevada, our physician, Dr. Chopra, a board-certified neurologist, can diagnose and treat various neurological conditions. This article will reveal how a neurologist diagnoses and creates a tailored treatment plan for common nervous system issues.
When to See a Neurologist: Common Symptoms
If neurological pains are minor yet frequent or becoming debilitating, it’s essential to seek professional medical advice. After consultation, a patient might be referred to a neurologist, mainly if nervous system issues cause their symptoms.
Here are some common symptoms that may lead a patient to schedule a consultation with a neurologist.
- Persistent or Severe Headaches: While occasional headaches are common, frequent, severe, or debilitating migraines are not. A neurologist can help diagnose the type of headache and create a management plan.
- Dizziness or Vertigo: Feelings of imbalance, lightheadedness, or the sensation that the room is spinning can be symptoms of a neurological issue.
- Chronic Pain: Pain not resolved by typical treatments, especially if accompanied by numbness, tingling, or weakness, may be a sign of nerve damage.
- Numbness, Tingling, or Weakness: This can be a sign of nerve compression, neuropathy, or other nerve or spinal cord conditions.
- Memory Problems: Memory loss often comes with aging, but noticeable trouble with memory or cognitive function may indicate a neurological condition like dementia.
- Balance Issues: Difficulty walking, frequent falls, or a lack of coordination can indicate an underlying neurological disorder.
- Seizures: Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that require immediate evaluation by a neurologist.
- Vision Problems: Sudden vision changes, double vision, or vision loss can be related to the brain’s visual pathways or the optic nerve.
Recognizing these symptoms is the first step. The next step is a proper diagnosis. Dr. Chopra is dedicated to using his knowledge to provide a diagnosis and treatment plan for his patients.
The Neurological Exam
The diagnostic journey begins with a conversation and neurological exam to gain insight into symptoms and the cause.
Patient History: Before any physical contact, a neurologist will engage in a detailed discussion about symptoms to decipher:
- When did the symptoms start?
- Are they constant or intermittent?
- What makes them better or worse?
- Does the patient have a family history of neurological conditions?
- What medications or supplements is the patient currently taking?
This in-depth history helps pinpoint potential causes and form a preliminary hypothesis.
The Physical Neurological Exam
The physical neurological exam provides insights into the health of a patient’s nervous system. Various tests may be used to evaluate different neurological functions.
- Motor Skills and Strength: This exam evaluates the communication between the patient’s brain and muscles. Typically, the patient will perform a series of movements, such as pushing or pulling against resistance, to check muscle strength. Evaluating muscle tone involves looking for stiffness or floppiness that could indicate an underlying issue. The patient’s reflexes might be gently tapped with a reflex hammer to observe involuntary muscle contractions. Lastly, coordination can be analyzed through a coordination test, such as standing with feet together, walking, or touching the nose.
- Sensory Exam: This exam assesses the patient’s ability to feel sensations controlled by peripheral nerves and the sensory pathways in the spinal cord and brain. A doctor may use various tools to test sensation, including a cotton swab for light touch, a tuning fork for vibration, and a safety pin for pinprick sensation. A cold object can also be used to test temperature perception. The patient is asked to close their eyes and report what is felt and where it is felt. Abnormalities such as numbness or tingling are often key indicators of nerve damage, including neuropathy.
- Cranial Nerves: The twelve cranial nerves are responsible for vision, hearing, and facial movement, and each nerve has a specific role. For example, a doctor might shine a light in the patient’s eyes to check pupillary response, ask the patient to follow his finger with their eyes to assess eye muscle movement, or instruct the patient to smile and raise their eyebrows to evaluate facial nerve function. A doctor may also ask the patient to identify a familiar smell to test the olfactory nerve.
- Cognitive Function: This exam helps evaluate how the patient’s brain processes information. A doctor might ask the patient to recall a list of words after a few minutes, assess language skills by having the patient name objects or repeat phrases, and check orientation by asking for the date, time, and location. They may also ask the patient to solve simple problems or draw a clock to evaluate higher-level cognitive functions. These tests are essential for diagnosing conditions that affect the brain, such as dementia or the mental effects of stroke.
Beyond the Exam: Advanced Diagnostic Tools and Tests
After the physical exam, the information gathered helps a neurologist determine which tests or services are needed to confirm a diagnosis, rule out other conditions, or assess the severity of a problem.
Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS):
- What they are: These tests measure the electrical activity of your muscles and nerves.
- When used: They diagnose conditions affecting the peripheral nerves and muscles, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, pinched nerves, or neuropathy.
Imaging Studies: A Look Inside
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): An MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create highly detailed images of your brain, spinal cord, and other body parts. It is the standard technology for diagnosing conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS), tumors, or strokes.
- CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: A CT scan uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images. It is often used in emergencies to quickly stop bleeding, fractures, or brain swelling.
Electroencephalography (EEG): Listening to Brainwaves
- What it is: An EEG records your brain’s electrical signals through small electrodes placed on your scalp.
- When used: This test diagnoses and monitors seizure disorders like epilepsy. It can also help evaluate certain sleep disorders or comas.
Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap):
- What it is: This procedure involves collecting a small cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample from the lower part of your spine.
- When used: Analyzing the CSF can help diagnose infections, inflammatory diseases, or multiple sclerosis.
Blood Tests:
- How they help: A simple blood test helps rule out vitamin deficiencies, infections, or autoimmune markers that mimic or contribute to nervous system issues.
Your Path to Clarity and Care
Diagnosing nervous system issues is a meticulous process that combines the art of observation with the precision of modern technology. A timely diagnosis is the first step toward regaining control of your health.
If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms such as persistent headaches, memory problems, numbness, or loss of balance, don’t wait. The earlier a neurologist can diagnose, the sooner you can start a treatment plan.
Contact Neurocare of Nevada today to schedule a consultation with Dr. Chopra and take the first step toward a clearer and healthier future.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog post is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns before making any decisions about your health or treatment.
